| Water Retention | Does not cause significant water retention |
|---|---|
| Hepatotoxicity | Low risk |
| Lab Test | Monitoring of renal function and serum electrolytes recommended |
| Also known as | Metformin HCL |
| Blood pressure | Can lead to a slight reduction in blood pressure |
| Trade name | Glucophage, Glumetza, others |
| Storage conditions | Store at room temperature away from moisture and light |
| Chemical name | Metformin hydrochloride |
| Formula | C4H11N5В·HCl |
| Substance class | Biguanide |
| Main action | Antihyperglycemic agent |
| Half-life | Approximately 6.2 hours |
| Dosage (medical) | Typically starting at 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once a day, up to a maximum of 2000-2550 mg per day depending on the patient's response and tolerance |
| Dosage (sports) | Not typically prescribed for sports enhancement |
| Effects | Reduces hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization |
| Side effects | Gastrointestinal disturbances (such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), vitamin B12 deficiency, lactic acidosis (rare but serious) |
| Use in sports | Not commonly used as a performance enhancer, but some athletes might use it for weight management |
| Manufacturer | Pharmaceutical |
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